Many midlevel and senior managers find that, at some point in their career, they have need of specialized knowledge in order to move to the next level. Executive programs often aim to offer access to relevant business information necessary for advancement.

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories.

Certificate programs, which can be earned in about a year, consist of academic classes that are offered at different skill and ability levels. Undergraduate as well as graduate students, depending on their field of study, may obtain certificates.